Data Shipping in Client Server Architecture

Data Shipping moves data closer to applications allowing fine grained interaction between the application and the data. Data shipping also offloads the DBMSs' function from server to client hence allowing the DBMS to exploit the plentiful and the reletively inexpensive resources of the workstations.
The following are the basic architectures :

• Page Server - Pages are the unit of data transfer. (Gemstone, O2, etc)
• Object Server - Objects are the unit of data transfer. (Itasca, Versant)
• File Server (NFS is Hybrid) - It is basically a page server system which uses the Network File Server as the basic protocol.

Centralized RDBMS have switched from page level to tuple level locking.