HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 11 Feb 2012 02:39:43 GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Thu, 14 Mar 2002 16:47:54 GMT
ETag: "5d02b-56c6-ea520280"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 FINAL//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>African American Odyssey: Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy (Part 1)</title>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.loc.gov/global/foresee/foresee-trigger.js'></script></head>

<body bgcolor="#ffffcc" link="#cc6600" text="#330000" vlink="#993300" alink="#ffff00">

<center>
<b>African American Odyssey <a href="aointro.html">Introduction</a></b> |
<a href="aoover.html"><b>Overview</b></a> |
<a href="aolist.html"><b>Object List</b></a> | <a href="/ammem/aaodysseyquery.html"><B>Search</B></a>
<p>
<table border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ffcc99" align=center>
<font size=3><b>Exhibit Sections:</b></font> <br>
<font size=2><a href="aopart1.html">Slavery</a> |
<a href="aopart2.html">Free Blacks</a></font> |
<font size=3><b>Abolition</b></font> |
<font size=2><a href="aopart4.html">Civil War</a> |
<a href="aopart5.html">Reconstruction</a> <br>
<a href="aopart6.html">Booker T. Washington Era</a> |
<a href="aopart7.html">WWI-Post War</a> |
<a href="aopart8.html">The Depression-WWII</a> |
<a href="aopart9.html">Civil Rights Era</a> |
</font>
</td>
</table>

<!-- end header -->

<h1>Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy</h1>

<b>Part 1:</b> <font size=2><a href="aopart3.html#03a">Anti-Slavery Activists</a></font> |
<font size=2><a href="aopart3.html#03b">Popularizing Anti-Slavery Sentiment</a></font><br>
<b><a href="aopart3b.html">Part 2</a></b><br>


<hr width=66%>
</center>
Black and white abolitionists in the first half of the nineteenth century waged a biracial assault against slavery. Their
efforts proved to be extremely effective. Abolitionists focused attention on slavery and made it difficult to ignore.
They heightened the rift that had threatened to destroy the unity of the nation even as early as the Constitutional
Convention.
<p><p>
Although some Quakers were slaveholders, members of that religious group were among the earliest to protest
the African slave trade, the perpetual bondage of its captives, and the practice of separating enslaved family
members by sale to different masters.
<p><p>
As the nineteenth century progressed, many abolitionists united to form numerous antislavery societies. These
groups sent petitions with thousands of signatures to Congress, held abolition meetings and conferences,
boycotted products made with slave labor, printed mountains of literature, and gave innumerable speeches for
their cause. Individual abolitionists sometimes advocated violent means for bringing slavery to an end.
</p><p>
Although black and white abolitionists often worked together, by the 1840s they differed in philosophy and
method. While many white abolitionists focused only on slavery, black Americans tended to couple anti-slavery
activities with demands for racial equality and justice.
</p>

<hr width=66%>

<center>

<!-- image right -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>

<!-- part begin -->
<tr>
<td colspan=2>
<center><h2><a name="03a">Anti-Slavery Activists</a></h2></center>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- end part begin -->

<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0322"><b>Christian Arguments Against Slavery</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>
Benjamin Lay, a Quaker who saw slavery as a "notorious sin," addresses this 1737 volume to those who "pretend to lay claim to the pure and holy Christian religion."  Although some Quakers held slaves, no religious group was
more outspoken against slavery from the seventeenth century until slavery's demise. Quaker petitions on behalf of the emancipation of African Americans flowed into colonial legislatures and later to the United States Congress.
</p>
</td>

<td width=240 bgcolor="#669999" align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a 
href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0322/ody0322page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0322&linkText=9"><img 
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/032200at.gif" width=230 height=87 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<br>
<font size=2>
Benjamin Lay.<br>
<i>All Slave Keepers that Keep the Innocent in Bondage . . . </i>.<br>
Philadelphia:  Printed for the Author, 1737.<br>
Franklin Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-22)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>
<br>

<!-- image left -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align=middle colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0301"><b>Plea for the Suppression of the Slave Trade</b></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=230 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0301/ody0301page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0301&linkText=9"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/030100at.gif" width=220 height=112></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
Anthony Benezet.<br>
<i>Observations on the Inslaving, Importing and Purchasing of Negroes.</i><br>
Germantown, Pennsylvania:  Christopher Sower, 1760.<br>
American Imprints Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-1)
</font>
</td>

<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

In this plea for the abolition of the slave trade, Anthony Benezet, a
Quaker of French Huguenot descent, pointed out that if buyers did not
demand slaves, the supply would end. "Without purchasers," he argued,
"there would be no trade; and consequently every purchaser as he
encourages the trade, becomes partaker in the guilt of it."  He contended
that guilt existed on both sides of the Atlantic. There are Africans, he
alleged, "who will sell their own children, kindred, or neighbors."
Benezet also used the biblical maxim, "Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you," to justify ending slavery. Insisting that emancipation
alone would not solve the problems of people of color, Benezet opened
schools to prepare them for more productive lives.

</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- image right -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>

<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0302"><b>The Conflict Between Christianity and Slavery</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

Connecticut theologian Jonathan Edwards, born 1745, echoes Benezet's use
of the Golden Rule as well as the natural rights arguments of the
Revolutionary era to justify the abolition of slavery. In this printed
version of his 1791 sermon to a local anti-slavery group, he notes the
progress toward abolition in the North and predicts that through vigilant
efforts slavery would be extinguished in the next fifty years.

</p>
</td>

<td width=200 bgcolor="#669999" align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=ody_rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0302/ody0302page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0302&linkText=9"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/030200at.gif" width=130 height=228 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<br>
<font size=2>
Jonathan Edwards, D.D.<br>
<i>The Injustice and Impolicy of the Slave Trade and of the Slavery of Africans . . . A Sermon</i>.<br>
New Haven, Connecticut:  Thomas and Samuel Green, 1791.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-2)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>
<br>

<!-- double thumbnail -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=10 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td colspan=3 align=center valign=bottom>
<a name="0311"><b>Sojourner Truth</b></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#669999" width=150 align=left valign=top>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0311001r.jpg"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0311001t.gif" width=124 height=201 alt="Image: caption follows"></a>
<br>
<font size=2>
Sojourner Truth.<br>
Portrait.<br>
Carte de visite, 1864.<br>
Gladstone Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print">Prints and Photographs Division</a>.<br>  Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-6166 (3-11a)
</font>
</td>
<td align=left valign=middle>

<p>Abolitionist and women's rights advocate Sojourner Truth was enslaved
in New York until she was an adult. Born Isabella Baumfree around the turn
of the nineteenth century, her first language was Dutch. Owned by a series
of masters, she was freed in 1827 by the New York Gradual Abolition Act
and worked as a domestic. In 1843 she believed that she was called by God
to travel around the nation--sojourn--and preach the truth of his word.
Thus, she believed God gave her the name, Sojourner Truth. One of the ways
that she supported her work was selling these calling cards.</p>

</td>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=185 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0311002r.jpg"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0311002t.gif" width=124 height=200 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
Sojourner Truth.<br>
Carte de visite (seated), 1864.<br>
Gladstone Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print">Prints and Photographs Division</a>.<br>  Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-6165 (3-11b)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>
<br>


<!-- image left -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align=middle colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0312"><b>Woman to Woman</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=170 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0312001r.jpg"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0312001t.gif" width=160 height=177></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
<i>The Negro Woman's Appeal to Her White Sisters</i>.<br>
[London]:  Richard Barrett, [1850].<br>
Broadside.<br>
Printed Ephemera Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-12)
</font>
</td>

<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>
<blockquote><font size=-1>
	Ye wives and ye mothers, your influence	extend--<br>
	Ye sisters, ye daughters, the helpless defend--<br>
	The strong ties are severed for one crime alone,<br>
	Possessing a colour less fair than your own.</font></blockquote>

Abolitionists understood the power of pictorial representations in drawing
support for the cause of emancipation. As white and black women became
more active in the 1830s as lecturers, petitioners, and meeting
organizers, variations of this female supplicant motif, appealing for
interracial sisterhood, appeared in newspapers, broadsides, and handicraft
goods sold at fund-raising fairs.

</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- image right -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>

<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0321"><b>Harriet Tubman--the Moses of Her People</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>
The quote below, echoing Patrick Henry, is from this biography of underground railroad conductor Harriet Tubman:
<blockquote><font size=-1>
	Harriet was now left alone, . . . She turned
her 	face toward the north, and fixing her
eyes on the guiding star, and committing her way unto the Lord, she started again upon
her long, lonely journey. She believed that there were one or two things she had a right to, liberty or death.
</font></blockquote>
</p><p>After making her own escape, Tubman returned to the South nineteen times to bring over three hundred fugitives to safety, including her own aged parents.
</p><p>In a handwritten note on the title page of this book, Susan B. Anthony, who was an abolitionist as well as a suffragist, referred to Tubman as a "most wonderful woman."
</p>
</td>

<td width=210 bgcolor="#669999" align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a 
href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0321/ody0321page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0321&linkText=9"><img 
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0321001t.gif" width=200 height=135 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<br>
<font size=2>
Sarah H. Bradford.<br>
<i>Harriet, the Moses of Her People</i>.<br>
New York:  J. J. Little & Co., 1901.<br>
Susan B. Anthony Collection, <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-21)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- image left -->


<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align=middle colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0303"><b>Increasing Tide of Anti-slavery Organizations</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=210 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a
href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0303001r.jpg"><img
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0303001t.gif"
width=200 height=163></a> </center>
<font size=2>
Declaration of the Anti-Slavery Convention.<br>
Philadelphia, December 4, 1833.<br>
Broadside.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-3)
</font>
</td>

<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

In 1833, sixty abolitionist leaders from ten states met in Philadelphia to
create a national organization to bring about immediate emancipation of
all slaves. The American Anti-slavery Society elected officers and adopted
a constitution and declaration. Drafted by William Lloyd Garrison, the
declaration pledged its members to work for emancipation through
non-violent actions of "moral suasion," or "the overthrow of prejudice by
the power of love."  The society encouraged public lectures, publications,
civil disobedience, and the boycott of cotton and other slave-manufactured
products.

</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- double thumbnail -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=10 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td colspan=3 align=center valign=bottom>
<a name="0319"><b>William Lloyd Garrison--Abolitionist Strategies</b></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#669999" width=150 align=left valign=top>
<center><a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0319001r.jpg"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0319001t.gif" width=210 height=49 alt="Image: caption follows"></a></center>
<br>
<font size=2>
William L. Garrison.<br>
"Sonnet to Liberty."<br>
Manuscript, December 14, 1840.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss">Manuscript Division</a>. (3-19a)
</font>
</td>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>White abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, born in 1805, had a particular fondness for poetry, which he believed to be "naturally and instinctively on the side of liberty."  He used verse as a vehicle
for enhancing anti-slavery sentiment. Garrison collected his work in Sonnets and Other
Poems (1843).
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>During the 1840s, abolitionist societies used song to stir up enthusiasm at their meetings. To make songs easier to learn, new words were set to familiar tunes.  This song by William Lloyd Garrison has six stanzas set to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne."
</p>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=185 align=left valign=top>
<center><a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0319002r.jpg"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0319002t.gif" width=210 height=49 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
William L. Garrison.<br>
"Song of the Abolitionist."<br>
November 10, 1841.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss">Manuscript Division</a>. (3-19b)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- image right -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>

<!-- part begin -->
<tr>
<td colspan=2>
<center><h2><a name="03b">Popularizing Anti-Slavery Sentiment</a></h2></center>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- end part begin -->

<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0315"><b>Slave Stealer Branded</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

Massachusetts sea captain Jonathan Walker, born in 1790, was apprehended
off the coast of Florida for attempting to carry slaves who were members
of his church denomination to freedom in the Bahamas in 1844. He was
jailed for more than a year and branded with the letters "S.S." for slave
stealer. The abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized
Walker's deed in this often reprinted verse:  "Then lift that manly right
hand, bold ploughman of the wave! Its branded palm shall prophesy,
'Salvation to the Slave!'"

</p>
</td>

<td width=200 bgcolor="#669999" align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=ody_rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0315/ody0315page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0315&linkText=9"><img src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/0315001t.gif" width=200 height=118 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<br>
<font size=2>
John G. Whittier.<br>
"The Branded Hand."<br>
Philadelphia, ca. 1845.<br>
Leaflet.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-15)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>
<br>

<!-- image left -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align=middle colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0317"><b>Abolitionist Songsters</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=200 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a 
href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=musmisc&fileName=ody/ody0317/ody0317page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0317&linkText=9"><img 
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/031700at.gif" width=182 height=172></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
George W. Clark.<br>
<i>The Liberty Minstrel</i>.<br>
New York:  Leavitt & Alden [et al.], 1844.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/perform">Music Division</a>. (3-17)
</font>
</td>

<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

George W. Clark's, The Liberty Minstrel, is an exception among songsters
in having music as well as words. "Minstrel" in the title has its earlier
meaning of "wandering singer."  Clark, a white musician, wrote some of the
music himself; most of it, however, consists of well-known melodies to
which anti-slavery words have been written. The book is open to a page
containing lyrics to the tune of "Near the Lake," which appeared earlier
in this exhibit (section 1, item 22) as "Long Time Ago."  Note that there
is an anti-slavery poem on the right-hand page. Like many songsters, The
Liberty Minstrel contains an occasional poem.

</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<br>

<!-- image right -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>

<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0316"><b>Abolitionist Songsters</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

Music was one of the most powerful weapons of the abolitionists. In 1848,
William Wells Brown, abolitionist and former slave, published The
<i>Anti-Slavery Harp</i>, "a collection of songs for anti-slavery
meetings," which contains songs and occasional poems. The <i>Anti-Slavery
Harp</i> is in the format of a "songster"--giving the lyrics and
indicating the tunes to which they are to be sung, but with no music. The
book is open to the pages containing lyrics to the tune of the
"Marseillaise," the French national anthem, which to 19th-century
Americans symbolized the determination to bring about freedom, by force if
necessary.

</p>
</td>

<td width=220 bgcolor="#669999" align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a 
href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=musmisc&fileName=ody/ody0316/ody0316page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0316&linkText=9"><img 
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/031600at.gif" width=210 height=96 alt="Image: Caption follows"></a>
</center>
<br>
<font size=2>
<i>The Anti-Slavery Harp:  A Collection of Songs for Anti-slavery Meetings</i>.<br>
Compiled by William Wells Brown.<br>
Boston:  Bela Marsh, 1848.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/perform">Music Division</a>. (3-16)
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>
<br>

<!-- image left -->

<table border=0 width=570 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align=middle colspan=2 valign=bottom>
<a name="0313"><b>Suffer the Children</b></a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="#99cccc" width=200 align=left valign=top>
<center>
<a 
href="/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbcmisc&fileName=ody/ody0313/ody0313page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html@0313&linkText=9"><img 
src="http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/03/031300at.gif" width=189 height=153></a>
</center>
<font size=2>
<i>The Child's Anti-Slavery Book:  Containing a Few Words about American Slave Children. . . </i>.<br>
New York:  Carlton and Porter, 1859.<br>
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/rarebook">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a>. (3-13)
</font>
</td>

<td align=left valign=middle>
<p>

This abolitionist tract, distributed by the Sunday School Union, uses
actual life stories about slave children separated from their parents or
mistreated by their masters to excite the sympathy of free children. Vivid
illustrations help to reinforce the message that black children should
have the same rights as white children, and that holding humans as
property is "a sin against God."

</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>


<!-- footer -->
<p>
<center>
<b>Abolition, Antislavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy: &nbsp; Part 1</b> | <a href="aopart3b.html">Part 2</a>
<p>
<table border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
<td bgcolor="#ffcc99" align=center>
<font size=3><b>Exhibit Sections:</b></font> <br>
<font size=2><a href="aopart1.html">Slavery</a> |
<a href="aopart2.html">Free Blacks</a></font> |
<font size=3><b>Abolition</b></font> |
<font size=2><a href="aopart4.html">Civil War</a> |
<a href="aopart5.html">Reconstruction</a> <br>
<a href="aopart6.html">Booker T. Washington Era</a> |
<a href="aopart7.html">WWI-Post War</a> |
<a href="aopart8.html">The Depression-WWII</a> |
<a href="aopart9.html">Civil Rights Era</a> |
</font>
</td>
</table>
<p>
<b>African American Odyssey <a href="aointro.html">Introduction</a></b> |
<a href="aoover.html"><b>Overview</b></a> |
<a href="aolist.html"><b>Object List</b></a> | <a href="/ammem/aaodysseyquery.html"><B>Search</B></a>
</center>
<script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' charset='windows-1252' src='http://www.loc.gov/global/onlineopinionF3cS/oo_engine.js'></script><script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' charset='windows-1252' src='http://www.loc.gov/global/onlineopinionF3cS/oo_conf_en-US.js'></script><script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.loc.gov/global/s_code.js'></script></body>
</html>
