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<title>USGCRP Archives, July-August 2002</title>

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            Updated 9 January, 2004</small></font>

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        <td width="100%" align="left"><b><font face="Arial"><font size="6" face="Arial">USGCRP

          Archives</font><font face="Arial"><br>

          <i><font size="4"><a href="#July 2002">July</a></font></i></font></font><i><font face="Arial" size="4">

          - <a href="#August 2002">August </a>2002</font></i></b></td>

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      <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="4" valign="middle" height="26"> 
        <h2 align="center"><font face="Arial"><a name="August 2002">August 2002</a><a name="TopOfPage"></a></font></h2>

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        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#general-august2002"><b>General</b></a></font></p>

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        <p align="center"><font size="2"><b><a href="#eco-august2002">Changes in

        Ecosystems</a></b></font></font></td>

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        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#human-august2002"><b>Human

        Dimensions<br>

        of Global Change</b></a></font></font></td>

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        <p align="center"><font size="2"><b><a href="#variabilityandchange-august2002">Climate

        Variability and Change</a></b></font></font></td>

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      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><a href="#atmosphere-august2002"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Atmospheric

        Composition</font></b></a></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><a href="#carbon-august2002"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">The

        Global Carbon Cycle</font></b></a></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#paleo-august2002"><b>Paleoenvironment

        &amp; Paleoclimate</b></a></font></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#water-august2002"><b>The

        Global Water Cycle</b></a></font></font></td>

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      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

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      <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="http://www.osei.noaa.gov/IOD/iodsm.jpg" alt="NOAA's Image of the Day" width="100" height="82"><br>

      <font size="2"><a href="http://www.osei.noaa.gov/OSEIiod.html">NOAA's&nbsp;<br>

      <i>Image of the Day</i></a></font>&nbsp;</font></p>

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              <a href="../links/periodicals.htm">Periodicals</a></font></td>

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      mental Panel on Climate Change,&nbsp;<br>

      see our <a href="../links/ipcc.htm">IPCC</a> page.</font></p>

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            Change Science and Technology Management Structure</a></td>

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              <h3><font face="Arial"><b><a name="general-august2002"></a></b><font size="3">

              August 2002 Internet Postings Related to...<b><br>

              </b></font><b>General</b></font></h3>

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              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10278"><img border="0" src="../images/S20021522002181_BIOS_tn.jpg" alt="Global biosphere from June 2002 measured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), aboard the OrbView-2 satellite." width="164" height="120"></a><br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10278">The

              Earth's Biosphere</a><br>

              (image posted by NASA July 2002).&nbsp; See also: <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002073110324.html">SeaWiFS

              Sensor Marks Five Years Documenting Earth's Dynamic Biosphere</a>.&nbsp;

              Press release (dtd 31 July 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

              (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></td>

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      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/uop-ath082002.php">A

      thermodynamic history traces temperature's effect on Universe, Earth and

      humans</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 20 Aug 2002) from University of

      Pennsylvania.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">&nbsp;</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=4432&amp;Cr=asia&amp;Cr1=environment">New

      UN study details regional, global impacts of vast pollution cloud in South

      Asia</a>.&nbsp; <font color="#000000">Press release (dtd 14 Aug 2002) from

      the United Nations</font>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">&nbsp;</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/magazine/stories/mag50.htm">NOAA'S

      Role in the World Summit on Sustainable Development: August 26 - September

      4, 2002 (Johannesburg, South Africa)</a>&nbsp; Article (dtd 13 Aug 2002)

      from <i>NOAA Magazine Online</i> published by the National Oceanic and

      Atmospheric Administration.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">&nbsp;</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/press/pr08082002.html">IPCC

      building on new knowledge: Improving Regional Climate Change Assessment.</a>&nbsp;

      Press Release (dtd 8 Aug 2002) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

      Change (IPCC).&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">&nbsp;</p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" id="AutoNumber6" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

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          <td width="100%"><font face="Arial"><b>Strategic Plan</b>: A fully

            updated strategic plan for the combined USGCRP and Climate Change

            Research Initiative (CCRI) activities is currently being developed

            by the&nbsp; Interagency Working Group on Climate Change Science and

            Technology.&nbsp;&nbsp; The updated draft plan will be posted on the

            USGCRP/CCRI web site by mid-November 2002, and will be the focus of

            a <font color="#FF0000">public workshop</font> planned for

            Washington, DC in early December 2002.&nbsp; A final version of the

            plan will be published in March 2003.&nbsp;</font></td>

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      <p>&nbsp;</p>

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          <td><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/index.html"><img border="0" src="../images/wn-logo.gif" align="left" hspace="3" width="94" height="42"></a><a onMouseOver="lightUp('sun4','on')" onMouseOut="lightUp('sun4','off')" href="http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/greenhouse/greenhouse18/tuning_in.html"><font color="#0000ff">Tuning

            in to Climate Change</font></a>.&nbsp; Article from EPA's Inside the

            Greenhouse (Summer 2002), about&nbsp; <a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/index.html">The

            Weather Notebook</a>, a nationally syndicated radio series on global

            climate change produced by New Hampshire's Mount Washington

            Observatory.&nbsp; Among recent programs (original broadcast date in

            parentheses): (links posted 28 August 2002)</font>

            <ul>

              <li><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><a href="http://www.mountwashington.org:8081/ramgen/mtwash/2002/08/06.rm">Two

                Miles Under </a>(audio file)</font>.&nbsp; (6 <font color="#000000">August

                2002).&nbsp;</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><a href="http://www.mountwashington.org:8081/ramgen/mtwash/2002/07/30.rm">Models</a>

                (audio file)</font>.&nbsp; (30 <font color="#000000">July 2002).&nbsp;</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/07/23.html">Permafrost</a>.&nbsp;

                (July 23, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/07/16.html">Penguins</a>.&nbsp;

                (July 16, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/07/09.html">Bangladesh</a>.&nbsp;

                (July 9, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/07/02.html">Bird

                Migration</a>.&nbsp; (July 2, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/06/11.html">1988:

                Jim Hansen, a NASA scientist, testifies</a>.&nbsp; (June 11,

                2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/06/04.html">Modeling

                Climate Change with Computers</a>.&nbsp; (June 4, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/05/21.html">Svante

                Arrhenius: &quot;Founding Father&quot; of greenhouse effect</a>.&nbsp;

                (May 21, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/05/14.html">Greenhouse

                gases</a>.&nbsp; (May 14, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

              <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/05/07.html">Climate

                Change</a>.&nbsp; (May 7, 2002<font color="#000000">)</font></font></li>

            </ul>

          </td>

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      <p>&nbsp;</p>

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              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/atmos"><i>Science</i>

              magazine's Atmospheric<br>

              Science &quot;subject collection</a>&quot;.<br>

              Always up-to-date links<br>

              to <i>Science</i> articles.</font></td>

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      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

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            <td height="7"><b><a href="generalarchives.htm"><font face="Arial">Previous

              Postings to the <i>General </i>Section</font></a></b></td>

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          <td>

            <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html"><img border="0" src="../images/drglobalchange.gif" alt="Ask Doctor Global Change" width="100" height="79"></a><br>

            <font size="2"><b>Got a question? </b>Visit <a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html">Doctor

            Global Change</a>, resident expert at the site of the Global Change

            Research Information Office (GCRIO).</font></font></td>

        </tr>

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      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

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              <h3><a name="atmosphere-august2002"><b></b></a><font size="3">August

              2002 Internet</font><font size="3"> Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Atmospheric Composition</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/atmosphere.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

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        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/giot-ias081802.php">Instrument

      automates sampling of aerosols, provides more detailed data</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 22 Aug 2002) from Georgia Institute of Technology.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002080610326.html">NASA

      and Canada Study Smoke From Flaming Canadian Forests</a>.&nbsp;Press

      release&nbsp; (dtd 6 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/danl-ams073102.php">Atmospheric

      monitoring station dedicated in Darwin, Australia</a>.&nbsp; Press release

      (dtd 31 July 2002) from the US Department of Energy.&nbsp; (link posted 28

      August 2002)</p>

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              <p align="center"><b><a href="atmospherearchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on the&nbsp;<br>

              Atmospheric Composition</a></b></td>

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<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

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  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

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    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

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              <h3><a name="eco-august2002"><b></b></a><font size="3">August 2002

              Internet</font><font size="3"> Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Changes in Ecosystems</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td width="76">

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/bio.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <div align="left">

        &nbsp;

      </div>

      </font>

      <div align="center">

        <i><font face="Arial">(See also <a href="#carbon-august2002">Carbon

        Cycle Science</a> section)</font></i>

      </div>

      <font face="Arial">

      <div align="right">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10295"><img border="0" src="../images/boreal_model_tn.gif" alt="Change in spruce from 21,000 years ago (left) to present (right). Increasing color intensity represents increasing concentration of pollen, which is proportional to the amount of that species in a given area. The Laurentide Ice Sheet is pale blue, and areas where no data were collected are white." width="164" height="120"></a><br>

              </font><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10295">The

              Migrating Boreal Forest</a><br>

              <font face="Arial">(image posted by NASA<br>

              July 2002)</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.pewclimate.org/media/pr_marine.cfm">New Report:

      Climate Change Threatens the Future of Marine Ecosystems</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 14 Aug 2002) from Pew Center for Global Climate Change.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006D63D-CFC7-1D52-90FB809EC5880000">Satellites

      Find Less Deforestation Than Expected, But Still Far Too Much</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

      Article (dtd 9 August 2002) from <i>Scientific American</i>.&nbsp; (link

      posted 28 August 2002)</p>

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        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10288"><img border="0" src="../images/lcc_global_tn.jpg" alt="New Land Cover Classification Map: This image shows global land cover types in different colors" width="164" height="120"></a><br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10288">New

              Land Cover Classification Maps</a> (image posted by NASA July

              2002)</font></p>

              <p align="left">See also: <font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002081310330.html">NASA's

              Terra Satellite Refines Map of Global Land Cover</a>.&nbsp; Press

              release (dtd 13 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

              (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002080810329.html">Satellites

      See Big Changes Since 1980s in Key Element of Ocean's Food Chain</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release&nbsp; (dtd 8 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/pr0265.htm">Twenty-years of

      Long-term Ecological Research: National Science Foundation Releases Review

      Report</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 2 Aug 2002) from the National Science

      Foundation.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/si-teo080202.php">The

      effects of human-caused atmospheric changes on tropical forests</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 2 Aug 2002) from Smithsonian Institution.&nbsp; (link

      posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      </font>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="bioarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on&nbsp;<br>

              Changes in Ecosystems</a></b></font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

    </td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><div align="left">

      <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

        <font face="Arial">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><a name="carbon-august2002"><b></b></a><font size="3">August

              2002 Internet</font><font size="3"> Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              The Global Carbon Cycle</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/carbon.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td></tr></font>

        

      </table>

      </div>

      &nbsp;

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/uoc--sop082002.php">Scripps

      oceanographers probe deep into the world of breaking wave bubbles</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 21 Aug 2002) from University of California, San Diego.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/dlnl-lrs082002.php">Livermore

      researchers show depth of injected CO2 into the ocean critical</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 20 Aug 2002) from the US Department of Energy, Lawrence

      Livermore National Laboratory.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="carbonarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section&nbsp;<br>

              on the Global Carbon Cycle</a></b></font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

    </td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><a name="human-august2002"><b></b></a><font size="3">August

              2002 Internet</font><font size="3"> Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Human Dimensions<br>

              of Global Change</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/human.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10603">Researchers

      establish link between cold climates, poor housing and high blood pressure</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 21 Aug 2002) from Imperial College of Science,

      Technology and Medicine (UK).&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.esrc.ac.uk/esrccontent/researchfunding/Env&amp;HumBeh_Call_for_Proposals.asp">Call

      for Proposals for the &quot;New Opportunities Programme on the Environment

      and Human Behaviour.&quot;</a>&nbsp; From the Economic and Social Research

      Council of the UK.&nbsp; Applications should be received by 5.00 pm on 13

      September 2002.&nbsp; As illustrative examples of research priorities, the

      agency mentions &quot;Rapid Climate Change - Vulnerability, Adaptation,

      Mitigation&quot; and &quot;Global Environmental Change and Food

      Systems.&quot;&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.americanscientist.org/articles/02articles/Orlove.html">Ethnoclimatology

      in the Andes</a>.&nbsp; Article from the Sep-Oct 2002 issue of <i>American

      Scientist</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/uoca-brr080502.php">Boulder

      researchers reassess national flood damage estimates</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 5 Aug 2002) from University of Colorado, Boulder .&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.doh.gov.uk/airpollution/climatechange02/index.htm">Health

      effects of climate change</a>.&nbsp; Report (released 2 Aug 2002) from the

      UK Department of Health.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.redcross.org/news/in/africa/020731highlandmalaria.html">Highland

      Malaria Sweeps Kenya Mountain Towns</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 29 July

      2002) from American Red Cross.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/harfordstormready.html">Maryland

      Gets its First &quot;StormReady&quot; Community</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 23

      July 2002) from the National Weather Service.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://adaptation.nrcan.gc.ca/pdf/perspective_chap3.pdf">Climate

      Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective. Water Resources</a>.

      (PDF) Report (dated July 2002) prepared by the Climate Change Impacts and

      Adaptation Directorate, Natural Resources Canada.&nbsp; (link posted 28

      August 2002)</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td><b><a href="humanarchives.htm">Previous Postings to the Section

              on&nbsp;<br>

              Human Dimensions of Global Change</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="361" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td width="253">

              <h3><font size="3"><a name="paleo-august2002"></a>August 2002

              Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Paleoenvironment &amp; Paleoclimate</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td width="76">

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/paleo.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july02/07featured-collection.html">NOAA

      Paleoclimatology Program</a>.&nbsp; Feature article in July/August 2002

      issue of <i>D-Lib Magazine</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002).</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/si-tpo073102.php">The

      prehistory of neotropical lowland forests</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 31

      Jul 2002) from the Smithsonian Institution.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="paleoarchives.htm">Previous Postings

              to the Section on Paleoenvironment &amp; Paleoclimate</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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</table>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center"><a href="../links/latestconditions.htm"><font face="Arial">Up-to-Date

      Weather, Climate &amp; Wildfire Summaries</font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/studentb.jpg" hspace="3" alt="Student Reading Book" width="100" height="102"><br>

      For lots of other links especially useful to students and teachers, see

      our general page on <a href="../education/default.htm">Educational

      Resources</a></font></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><b><a name="variabilityandchange-august2002"></a></b><font size="3">

              August 2002 Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Climate Variability &amp; Change</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/understanding.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10624">ESA

      studies the Sun-Earth climate link</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 23 Aug

      2002) from the European Space Agency (ESA).&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10547">Underground

      Nuclear Explosions Deteriorate The Ozone Layer</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

      16 Aug 2002) from Informscience Agency&nbsp; (Russia).&nbsp; (link posted

      28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10536">The

      trouble with the weather</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 14 Aug 2002) from

      European Space Agency.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10509">MSG

      [Meteosat Second Generation] - More than just the weather</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 12 Aug 2002) from the European Space Agency about the new

      Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), a weather satellite.&nbsp; (link posted

      28 August 2002)

      <p><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0808/p13s02-sten.html">Wind

      flows tear at ozone layer</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 8 Aug 2002) from <i>Christian

      Science Monitor</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002080610327.html">First

      Images From NASA's &quot;Thermometer in the Sky&quot; Sizzle</a>.&nbsp;Press

      release&nbsp; (dtd 6 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.unfoundation.org/unwire/util/display_stories.asp?objid=28141">Climate

      Change: Indian Drought, Floods Linked To Warming</a>.&nbsp;Article (dtd 6

      Aug 2002) from <i>&nbsp;UN Wire</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002080110325.html">Satellites

      Reveal a Mystery of Large Change in Earth's Gravity</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release&nbsp; (dtd 1 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/agu-crl073002.php">Cosmic

      rays linked to global warming</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 30 July 2002)

      from the American Geophysical Union (AGU).&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/books/bid1455.htm">Floods,

      Droughts, and Climate Change</a>. Information on book (published 2002)

      from the University of Arizona Press.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FF0000" id="AutoNumber4" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="100%" cellpadding="2">

          <tr>

            <td><a href="http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/tao/index.htm"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/dianeka2.jpg" align="right" hspace="3" alt="Teacher-at-Sea Diane Stanitski-Martin standing in front of the Ka'Imimoana just before departure on August 16, 2002." width="150" height="225">TAO/TRITON

              Array Teacher At Sea Web Site</font></a><font face="Arial">.&nbsp;

              Sponsored by the <a href="http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/index.htm">NOAA

              Office of Global Programs</a> (OGP) and the <a href="http://www.geo.nsf.gov/atm/">National

              Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Atmospheric Sciences</a>.&nbsp;

              Under the Teacher at Sea program, &quot;teachers from elementary

              school through college go to sea aboard NOAA research and survey

              ships to work under the tutelage of scientists and crew.&quot;</font>

              <p>The latest participant is <font face="Arial">Dr. Diane

              Stanitski-Martin, a professor from <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ship.edu">Shippensburg

              University</a> in Shippensburg, PA.&nbsp; On&nbsp; 15 August 2002,

              she boarded th</font>e NOAA Ship <i>Ka'imimoana, </i>in Honolulu,

              Hawaii; and will arrive in the <font face="Arial"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cbs.com/primetime/survivor4/marquesas/marquesas.php">Marquesas

              Islands</a></font> around&nbsp; 5 September 2002.&nbsp; According

              to NOAA, &quot;While onboard, Diane will host several live

              broadcasts, teach her undergraduate and graduate classes, write

              lessons plans, maintain a daily log, take photographs, interview

              scientists, and engage in dialogue with other teachers and

              students, as well as the general public.&quot;</td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      <p align="left"><b>Recent Atmospheric Conditions &amp; Impacts:</b></p>

      <ul>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="../links/latestconditions.htm">Up-to-Date

          Weather, Climate &amp; Wildfire Summaries</a></li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2002/august/extremes0802.html">Climate-Watch,

          August 2002</a>.&nbsp; Report (updated 27 Aug 2002) from the National

          Climatic Data Center.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2002/july/extremes0702.html">Climate-Watch,

          July 2002</a>.&nbsp; Document (updated 2 August 2002)&nbsp; from the

          National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0816/p01s04-usgn.html">Packing

          heat: August delivers weather wallop</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 16 August

          2002) from <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28

          August 2002)</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.met-office.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/pr20020813.html">Floods

          in Europe - why?</a>&nbsp; Press release (dtd 13 Aug 2002)&nbsp; from

          UK Met Office.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</li>

        <li><a 0 href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0815/p01s02-woeu.html">Europe's

          flood part of global deluge</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 15 Aug 2002) from

          the <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

          2002)</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.met-office.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/pr20020731.html">Record-breaking

          January to June temperatures</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 31 July

          2002) from the UK Met Office.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</li>

      </ul>

      <table border="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%" id="AutoNumber7" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

        <tr>

          <td width="100%">

            <h4 align="center"><font face="Arial">Drought</font></h4>

            <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/environment/july-dec02/drought_7-30.html">Drying

            Out</a>.&nbsp; &quot;An update from Tom Bearden on the devastating

            drought in the American west, with a focus on one of the hardest hit

            rural areas in southeastern Colorado.&quot;&nbsp; Transcript and

            video from the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) <i>Online NewsHour</i>&nbsp;

            broadcast of 30 July 2002.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p><img border="0" src="../images/hurri3.gif" align="right" alt="Satellite view of hurricane" width="102" height="96"><a href="../links/hurricanes.htm">Hurricanes</a>.&nbsp;

      Links to background information on the connection between climate change

      and hurricanes.&nbsp; Other useful links related to hurricanes also

      provided.</p>

      <p><a href="http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2002/aug2002/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Updated

      Forecast Of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity And U.S.&nbsp;Landfall

      Strike Probabilities For 2002</span></a>.&nbsp; Report (dtd 7 Aug 2002)

      from William M. Gray, Christopher W. Landsea, and Philip Klotzbach.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)<br clear="all">

      </p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFF66">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <h4 align="center"><font face="Arial">El Nino</font></h4>

            <font face="Arial"><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2002/aug02/noaa02101.html">El

            Ni&ntilde;o Expected To Impact Atlantic Hurricane Season, NOAA Reports</a>.&nbsp;

            Press release (dtd 8 Aug 2002) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric

            Administration (NOAA).&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)

            <div align="right">

              <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

                <tr>

                  <td>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

                    Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

                    <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10292"><img border="0" src="../images/pacific_tpx_2002219_tn.jpg" alt="Topex/Poseidon image of sea-surface heights was taken during a 10-day collection cycle ending August 7, 2002" width="164" height="120"></a><br>

                    </font><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10292">Still

                    Watching for the Next El Ni&ntilde;o</a> (image posted by NASA

                    August 2002).&nbsp; <font face="Arial">See also: <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002081310331.html">After

                    a Decade, NASA's TOPEX/Poseidon Adventure Sails On</a>.&nbsp;

                    Press release&nbsp; (dtd 13 August 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth

                    Observatory</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></td>

                </tr>

              </table>

            </div>

            </font>

            <p><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/index.html">Most

            recent <i>El Ni&ntilde;o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diagnostic Advisory.</i></a>

            Issued monthly by the US Climate Prediction Center/National Centers

            for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).&nbsp; The most recent report (8

            August 2002) indicates that a &quot;weak-to-moderate&quot; El Ni&ntilde;o

            presently exists and that evidence indicates that &quot;El Ni&ntilde;o

            conditions are likely to continue through the end of 2002 and into

            early 2003.&quot; All forecasts indicated the current El Ni&ntilde;o

            &quot;will be much weaker than the 1997-98 El Ni&ntilde;o&quot; that will

            bring continued &quot;drier-than-average conditions ... over

            Indonesia and eastern Australia during the next several months, and

            wetter-than-average conditions over southeastern South America

            during the next three months.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; (link updated 12

            August 2002)</font></p><font face="Arial">

            <p><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/nino-home.html">El

            Ni&ntilde;o Theme Page</a>.&nbsp; Site maintained by NOAA's Pacific Marine

            Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Project.</p></font>

          </td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="understandingarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on</a></b><a href="understandingarchives.htm">&nbsp;<b><br>

              Climate Variability &amp; Change</b></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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</table>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

</font></p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <table border="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="110">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html"><img border="0" src="../images/drglobalchange.gif" alt="Ask Doctor Global Change" width="100" height="79"></a><br>

            <font size="2"><b>Got a question? </b>Visit <a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html">Doctor

            Global Change</a>, resident expert at the site of the Global Change

            Research Information Office (GCRIO).</font></font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><a name="water-august2002"><b></b></a><font size="3">August

              2002 Internet</font><font size="3"> Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              The Global Water Cycle</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/water.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <div align="right">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10302"><img border="0" src="../images/antarctica_seaice_tn.jpg" alt="Increasing Sea Ice around Antarctica.  The image shows the average number of days that the ocean surface was covered by sea ice from 1979 to 1999. " width="164" height="120"><br>

              </a></font><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10302">Increasing

              Sea Ice around Antarctica</a> (image posted by NASA July 2002).&nbsp;

              See also: <font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/nsfc-sso082202.php">Satellites

              show overall increases in antarctic sea ice cover</a>.&nbsp; Press

              release (dtd 22 Aug 2002) from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

              (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/mamm/">Space-based Ice

      Sight</a>.&nbsp; Feature (dtd 6 Aug 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.wamu.org/ram/2002/p2020801.ram">Glaciers, Icebergs

      and Antarctica</a>.&nbsp; Segment (1 hour audio file; dtd 1 Aug 2002) from

      National Public Radio's<i> Public Interest</i>.&nbsp; &quot;<script language="JavaScript">

				if(now>p2ThuDate) document.write('<A HREF="http://www.wamu.org/ram/'+Year+'/p2'+ThuDate+'.ram"><IMG BORDER="0" WIDTH="55" HEIGHT="20" SRC="http://www.wamu.org/images/actions/listen.gif" ALT="Listen in RealAudio"></A><A HREF="http://www.wamu.org/cassettes.html"><IMG WIDTH="52" HEIGHT="20" BORDER="0" SRC="http://www.wamu.org/images/actions/tape.gif"></A>');

					</script>Picture this: an iceberg the size of Delaware

      breaking off the Antarctic shelf. This is what scientists have been seeing

      for the past few months. They join Kojo for a discussion about

      Antarctica's icebergs and glaciers, and the secrets they hold about the

      Earth's past and future.&quot;&nbsp; Guests:&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><b>Julie Palais</b>, Program Manager, <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/antarct/glaciolo.htm">Antarctic

          Glaciology</a>, National Science Foundation</li>

        <li><b>Waleed Abdalati</b>, Senior Scientist managing <a href="http://www.nasa.gov">NASA</a>

          Cryospheric Sciences Program</li>

        <li><b>Prasad Gogineni</b>, University Principal Investigator of the

          PRISM project and Deane E. Ackers Distinguished Professor of <a href="http://www.eecs.ku.edu/">Electrical

          Engineering</a>, <a href="http://www.ukans.edu/">University of Kansas</a></li>

      </ul>

      <div align="right">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="left"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10282"><img border="0" src="../images/PIA03719_tn.jpg" alt="Cirrus image generated by Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), one of a new generation of instruments flying aboard the NASA Earth Observing System�s Terra satellite." width="164" height="120"></a><br>

              <font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10282">A

              Hard Look at Thin Clouds </a>(image posted by NASA July 2002).</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/pressreleases/fricker_iceshelves.html">Researchers

      Measure Antarctic Ice Shelf Tides from Space for the First Time</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 31 July 2002) from Scripps.&nbsp; (link posted 28

      August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_153.html">Soil

      Study May Yield Harvest of Water Cycle Data</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

      30 July 2002) from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).&nbsp; (link

      posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0000BBC6-5529-1D40-90FB809EC5880000&amp;catID=1">Monsoon

      Intensity Increasing as Earth Warms</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 26 July 2002)

      from <i>Scientific American</i>.&nbsp; See also: <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoca-sii072402.php">Strength

      increase in Asian southwest monsoon may be result of warming</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 26 Jul 2002) from the University of Colorado.&nbsp;

      (link posted 28 August 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://rev.tamu.edu/stories/02/072202-2.html">Antarctic

      Glacier May Yield Clues To Global Climate Change</a>.&nbsp; Press release

      (dtd 22 July 2002) from Texas A &amp; M.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

      2002)</p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <h3 align="center">Contrails</h3>

            <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0001762D-755C-1D51-90FB809EC5880000">Climate

            Effects of Contrails Confirmed</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd 8 August

            2002) from <i>Scientific American</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August

            2002)</font></p>

            <font face="Arial">

            <div align="right">

              <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

                <tr>

                  <td>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

                    Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10293"><img border="0" src="../images/ISS004-E-11807_tn.jpg" alt="Contrail Web over the Central Rh�ne Valley, Eastern France" width="164" height="120"></a><br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10293">Contrail

                    Web over the Central Rh�ne Valley, Eastern France</a><br>

                    (image posted by NASA<br>

                    July 2002)</font></td>

                </tr>

              </table>

            </div>

            </font>

            <p><a href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=148005"><font face="Arial">Contrails</font></a><font face="Arial">.&nbsp;

            Audio segment (broadcast 8 Aug 2002) from National Public Radio's <i>Morning

            Edition</i>.&nbsp; &quot;The terrorist attacks in September actually

            helped scientists conduct some unique research on contrails - the

            white vapor streams that jet plane engines emit in the air. Before

            the attacks, scientists thought contrails were changing the

            climate's temperature. When air traffic was suspended on Sept. 11,

            they got a chance to test their hypothesis. The results are

            published in the latest issue of the journal <i>Nature</i>. NPR's

            Joe Palca reports. (3:23)&quot;.&nbsp; (link posted 28 August 2002)</font></p>

            <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-08/ps-jca080702.php">Jet

            contrails alter average daily temperature range</a>.&nbsp; Press

            release (dtd 7 Aug 2002) from Penn State .&nbsp; (link posted 28

            August 2002)</font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <div align="center">

        <p align="left"><br clear="all">

      </div>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="waterarchives.htm">Previous Postings

              to the Section on the&nbsp;<br>

              Global Water Cycle</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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</table>

<p><font face="Arial">&nbsp;<br clear="all">

&nbsp;</font></p>

<div align="left">

  <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" height="152">

    <tr>

      <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="4" valign="middle" height="26">

        <h2 align="center"><font face="Arial"><a name="July 2002">July 2002</a></font></h2>

      </td>

    </tr>

    <tr>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#general-july2002"><b>General</b></a></font></p>

        </font></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font size="2"><b><a href="#eco-july2002">Changes in

        Ecosystems</a></b></font></font></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#human-july2002"><b>Human

        Dimensions<br>

        of Global Change</b></a></font></font></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font size="2"><b><a href="#variabilityandchange-july2002">Climate

        Variability and Change</a></b></font></font></td>

    </tr>

    <tr>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><a href="#atmosphere-july2002"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Atmospheric

        Composition</font></b></a></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><a href="#carbon-july2002"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">The

        Global Carbon Cycle</font></b></a></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#paleo-july2002"><b>Paleoenvironment

        &amp; Paleoclimate</b></a></font></td>

      <td width="25%" align="center" height="45"><font face="Arial">

        <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#water-july2002"><b>The

        Global Water Cycle</b></a></font></font></td>

    </tr>

  </table>

</div>

<font face="Arial">

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="http://www.osei.noaa.gov/IOD/iodsm.jpg" alt="NOAA's Image of the Day" width="100" height="82"><br>

      <font size="2"><a href="http://www.osei.noaa.gov/OSEIiod.html">NOAA's&nbsp;<br>

      <i>Image of the Day</i></a></font>&nbsp;</font></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="0">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="../links/periodicals.htm"><img border="0" src="../images/man1.gif" alt="Periodicals" width="100" height="60"></a><br>

              <a href="../links/periodicals.htm">Periodicals</a></font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

      <p align="center"><font color="#FF0000" face="Arial">For documents from

      the Intergovern-<br>

      mental Panel on Climate Change,&nbsp;<br>

      see our <a href="../links/ipcc.htm">IPCC</a> page.</font></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <font face="Arial">

      <table border="3" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FF0000" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <p align="center">Background information on new <a href="http://www.climatescience.gov/about/default.htm">Climate

            Change Science and Technology Management Structure</a></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      </font>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><font face="Arial"><b><a name="general-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">

              July 2002 Internet Postings Related to...<b><br>

              </b></font><b>General</b></font></h3>

            </td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <font face="Arial">

      <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><b><br>

      Satellite Data Management at NOAA</b>.&nbsp; Hearing before US Congress,

      House of Representatives,&nbsp; Science Committee, Subcommittee on

      Environment, Technology, and Standards, 24 July 2002.&nbsp;(link posted 29

      July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li>

          <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/charter.htm">Hearing

          Charter</a></li>

        <li>

          <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/witness.htm">Witness

          List</a></li>

        <li>

          <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/ets0672402.ram">Webcast</a></li>

        <li>

          <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/ehlers.htm">Chairman

          Ehlers</a></li>

        <li>

          <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><b>Witnesses:</b>

          <ul>

            <li>

              <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/lauten.htm">Conrad

              C. Lautenbacher, Jr.</a>, USN (ret.), Undersecretary of Commerce

              for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA Administrator</li>

            <li>

              <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/koontz.pdf">Linda

              D. Koontz</a> [PDF], Director, Information Management Issues,<br>

              General Accounting Office</li>

            <li>

              <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/ets02/jul24/abbott.htm">Mark

              Abbott</a>, Dean, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,<br>

              Oregon State University; Chair, Committee on Earth Studies,

              National Research Council</p>

              

            </li>

          </ul>

        </li>

      </ul>

      <div align="right">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9767"><img border="0" src="../images/modis_albedo_tn.jpg" alt="Global albedo as measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA's Terra satellite " width="164" height="120"></a></b><br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9767">Global

              Albedo</a><br>

              (image posted by NASA<br>

              July 2002)</font>

              <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-meh071102.php">Measuring

              earthshine: How new terra data are improving weather and climate

              forecast models</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 11 July 2002) from

              NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

              <p align="center"><font size="2" face="Arial">(link posted 28 July

              2002)</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002072210307.html">Celebrating

      30 Years of Imaging the Earth</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 22 July 2002)

      from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10282">ESA

      and the European Commission launch a consultation forum on satellite-base</a>.

      Press release (dtd 16 July 2002) from the European Space Agency (ESA).&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/11744.htm">The

      U.S.-Australia Climate Action Partnership Moves Forward</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 9 July 2002) from US Department of State.&nbsp; (link posted

      29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v19/n3/index.html">Climate

      Assessment for the Southwest</a>.<i>&nbsp; Special issue of <a href="http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v19/n3/index.html">Climate

      Research.</a></i>(Vol 21, no.3; 16 July 2002).&nbsp; &quot;Focusing on

      climate phenomena and the vulnerability of the southwest United States,

      CLIMAS (Climate Assessment Project for the Southwest) involves a

      continuing program drawing primarily from participatory research efforts.

      It summarizes and evaluates current knowledge and aims at contributing to

      a better understanding of regional dynamics and at supporting the work of

      decision makers.&quot;&nbsp; Includes free access to abstracts.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/agu-paf071202.php">Plan

      ahead for upcoming AGU meetings</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 12 July

      2002) from American Geophysical Union (AGU).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

      2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2002/jul/fritzhaber/index.html">Fritz

      Haber and the Nitrogen Cycle</a>.&nbsp; Feature (dtd 11 July 2002) from

      National Public Radio's<i> Morning Edition</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

      2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/200207099834.html">Pathfinder

      Missions to Enhance Our Understanding of Earth</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

      9 July 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 29

      July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoca-cus070302.php">Colorado

      U. selected to build instruments, control cloud-monitoring satellite from

      campus</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 3 Jul 2002) from University of

      Colorado (Boulder).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-06/nsfc-ne062402.php">NOAA-17

      (M) environmental satellite successfully launched</a>.&nbsp; Press release

      (dtd 24 June 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp; (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-06/nsfc-neo062402.php">NASA's

      Earth Observing technology satellite proves a success</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 24 June 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.me3.org/issues/climate/finalreportjury.pdf">Final

      Report of the Citizens Jury on Climate Change</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp; Document (dtd

      May 2002) from the <a href="http://www.jefferson-center.org/about_the_jefferson_center.htm">Jefferson

      Center</a>.&nbsp; &quot;Eighteen citizens from within a 35-mile radius of

      Baltimore, Maryland were carefully chosen from a randomly identified jury

      pool to serve as a representative microcosm of the public. During five

      consecutive days beginning March 18, 2002, the jury heard expert witness

      presentations on a range of issues and perspectives related to global

      climate change. The Citizens Jury focused on what potential impacts of

      climate change are of most concern, and what, if anything, should be done

      to address climate change. Jurors deliberated together as they developed

      recommendations for policy makers and the public to consider.&quot;&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

        <tr>

          <td width="100%"><font face="Arial"><b>Strategic Plan</b>: A fully

            updated strategic plan for the combined USGCRP and Climate Change

            Research Initiative (CCRI) activities is currently being developed

            by the&nbsp; Interagency Working Group on Climate Change Science and

            Technology.&nbsp;&nbsp; The updated draft plan will be posted on the

            USGCRP/CCRI web site by 1 November 2002, and will be the focus of a <font color="#FF0000">public

            workshop</font> planned for Washington, DC in December 2002.&nbsp; A

            final version of the plan will be published in March 2003.&nbsp;</font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p><a href="../Library/CCRIreport-aug2001/default.htm">The US Climate

      Change Research Initiative (CCRI):Survey of Research Strategies to Reduce

      Scientific Uncertainties</a>.&nbsp; Document (August 2001) <i>Presented By

      Donald L. Evans, Secretary, Department of Commerce, a</i>t the request of

      President George W. Bush, Jr. (posted 24 July 2002)</p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" id="AutoNumber5">

        <tr>

          <td width="100%"><a href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/index.html"><img border="0" src="../images/gccbanner.gif" align="left" hspace="3" alt="Global Climate change Research Explorer" width="200" height="38"></a>Creative

            and informative resource from the&nbsp; San Francisco Exploratorium.&nbsp;

            &quot;Explore scientific data relating to the atmosphere, the

            oceans, the areas covered by ice and snow, and the living organisms

            in all these domains. You'll also get a sense of how scientists

            study natural phenomena-how researchers&nbsp; gather evidence, test

            theories, and come to conclusions.&quot;</td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p><b>Global Climate Change and the U.S. Climate Action Report.</b>&nbsp;

      Hearing before the US Senate, Committee on Commerce, Science and

      Transportation, held on 11 July 2002.&nbsp; (links posted 11 July 2002)

      <ul>

        <li><b>Video</b>.&nbsp; Available for a limited time from the <a href="http://www.c-span.org/technology_science/">Technology

          &amp; Science section </a>of the C-SPAN web site.</li>

        <li><a href="http://commerce.senate.gov/hearings/071102Kerry.pdf">Opening

          statement from Senator Kerry</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://commerce.senate.gov/hearings/071102connaughton.pdf">Jim

          Connaughton</a>, Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality</li>

        <li><a href="http://commerce.senate.gov/hearings/071102hubbard.pdf">R.

          Glenn Hubbard</a>, Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers</li>

        <li><a href="http://commerce.senate.gov/hearings/071102Marburger.pdf">John

          H. Marburger III</a>, Director, Office of Science and Technology

          Policy</li>

        <li><a href="http://commerce.senate.gov/hearings/071102mahoney.pdf">James

          R. Mahoney</a>, Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere</li>

      </ul>

      <p align="left"><b>The Administration's Climate Change Initiatives.</b>&nbsp;

      Hearing before the US House of Representatives, Committee on Science, 10

      July 2002.&nbsp; Witnesses: (links posted 10 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full02/jul10/fc071002.ram">Webcast</a>

          (video).</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full02/jul10/boehlert.htm">Congressman

          Sherwood Boehlert</a> (R-NY), Committee Chairman</li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full02/jul10/marburger.htm">John

          H. Marburger</a>,<b>&nbsp; </b>Director of the Office of Science and

          Technology Policy</li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full02/jul10/mahoney.htm">James

          R. Mahoney<b>,</b></a><b> </b>Assistant Secretary for<br>

          Oceans and Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full02/jul10/card.htm">Robert

          G. Card</a>,<b> </b>Undersecretary for Energy, Science and Environment&nbsp;

          U.S. Department of Energy</li>

      </ul>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/atmos"><i>Science</i>

              magazine's Atmospheric<br>

              Science &quot;subject collection</a>&quot;.<br>

              Always up-to-date links<br>

              to <i>Science</i> articles.</font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" height="19">

          <tr>

            <td height="7"><b><a href="generalarchives.htm"><font face="Arial">Previous

              Postings to the <i>General </i>Section</font></a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td><font face="Arial"><br clear="all">

      </font></td>

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</p>

<hr>

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  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <table border="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="110">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html"><img border="0" src="../images/drglobalchange.gif" alt="Ask Doctor Global Change" width="100" height="79"></a><br>

            <font size="2"><b>Got a question? </b>Visit <a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html">Doctor

            Global Change</a>, resident expert at the site of the Global Change

            Research Information Office (GCRIO).</font></font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><b><a name="atmosphere-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">July

              2002 Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Atmospheric Composition</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/atmosphere.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><b>Earth &amp; Sky.</b>&nbsp; Daily science radio series, currently

      funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation and National

      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Both transcripts &amp; audio files

      are provided.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.earthsky.org/2002/es020729.html">Good Ozone, Bad

          Ozone</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;You hear how we need to protect

          Earth's ozone layer. Then, especially in the summertime, you hear

          warnings about dangerously high levels of ozone. Find out more about

          good and bad ozone.&quot;&nbsp; Broadcast date: 29 July 2002

        <li><a href="http://www.earthsky.org/2002/es020721.html">Earth's

          Atmosphere</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;Mercury and the moon don't

          have any atmosphere to speak of. The thick air of Venus traps heat --

          making this planet's surface hot enough to melt lead. Only Earth has

          air we can breathe. Learn how Earth got its air.&quot;&nbsp; Broadcast

          date: 21 July 2002

      </ul>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="atmospherearchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on the&nbsp;<br>

              Atmospheric Composition</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

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<p><br clear="all">

</p>

<hr>

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  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="369" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td width="261">

              <h3><b><a name="eco-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">July 2002

              Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Changes in Ecosystems</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td width="76">

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/bio.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <div align="left">

        &nbsp;

      </div>

      </font>

      <div align="center">

        <i><font face="Arial">(See also <a href="#carbon-july2002">Carbon Cycle

        Science</a> section)</font></i>

      </div>

      <font face="Arial">

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoa-rsc072202.php">Research

      shows climate change could push bats northward</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

      22 July 2002) from University of Alberta.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10311">Marine

      Algae A Weapon Against Global Warming?</a>&nbsp; Press release (dtd 18

      July 2002) from the European Commission.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><b>Earth &amp; Sky.</b>&nbsp; Daily science radio series, currently

      funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation and National

      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Both transcripts &amp; audio files

      are provided.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.earthsky.org/2002/es020718.html">Barrier Islands</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

          &quot;Giant hurricanes and other storms formed our planet's barrier

          islands, thin strips of dunes that line many coastal areas. These

          islands shift in response to natural and man-made forces.&quot;&nbsp;

          Broadcast date: 18 July 2002

      </ul>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10264">With

      The World Summit Looming, Lords Report Warns That Scientists Vital To

      Conservation Are in Danger of Extinction</a> .&nbsp; Press release (dtd 12

      July 2002) from UK House of Lords.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10256">Life

      sciences and the Media: A Troublesome Couple Bound to Get Along</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 11 July 2002) from the European Commission.&nbsp; (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/pr0258.htm">Deformed Frogs

      Form When Parasites and Pesticides Combine.</a>&nbsp; Press release (dtd 8

      July 2002) from the National Science Foundation (NSF).&nbsp; (link posted

      29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><b>Arctic Science Journeys</b>.&nbsp; A radio service highlighting

      science, culture, and the environment of the circumpolar north. Produced

      by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program and the University of Alaska

      Fairbanks.&nbsp; (links posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant/NewsMedia/02ASJ/07.05.02sea-state.html">State

          of the Sea</a>.&nbsp; Program (dtd 5 July 2002) from <i>Arctic Science

          Journeys</i>. &quot;With animals like sea lions and sea otters in

          trouble, and salmon returns declining, marine scientists met recently

          in Anchorage to assess the health of Alaska's oceans. Alaska's seas

          are still cleaner than most, but just like other places, the oceans

          that nearly surround the state have their share of problems. As Doug

          Schneider reports in this week's Arctic Science Journeys Radio, one

          scientist says research on the ocean's smallest fish is needed to

          understand the big changes happening in the marine environment.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant/NewsMedia/02ASJ/07.05.02gray-whale-chow.html">Gray

          Whale Chow Line -- Closed?</a>&nbsp; Program (dtd 5 July 2002) from <i>Arctic

          Science Journeys</i>.&nbsp; <i>&quot;</i>Each summer, the frigid

          Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean off Alaska plays host to thousands of

          hungry gray whales. The whales come from the warmer waters of Southern

          California and Mexico to feed on the seafloor's rich abundance of tiny

          crustaceans. But over the last few years, hundreds of emaciated gray

          whales have washed up along the U.S. and Canadian west coast.

          Scientists think the whales might not be getting enough to eat, so

          this week a team of University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers are in

          the northern Bering Sea, following a hunch that these once-rich waters

          may not be so rich anymore.<i>&quot; </i>&nbsp;</li>

      </ul>

      </font>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="bioarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on&nbsp;<br>

              Changes in Ecosystems</a></b></font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

    </td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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</p>

<hr>

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  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><div align="left">

      <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

        <font face="Arial">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><b><a name="carbon-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">July 2002

              Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              The Global Carbon Cycle&nbsp;</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/carbon.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a>

              <p align="center"></td></tr></font>

        

      </table>

      </div>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/press/press195.html">U.S.

      Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions Decreased by 1.1 Percent in 2001</a>.&nbsp;

      Press Release (dtd 28 June 2002) from the US Energy Information

      Administration.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="carbonarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section&nbsp;<br>

              on the Global Carbon Cycle</a></b></font></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

    </td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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<p><br clear="all">

</p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <h3><b><a name="human-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">July 2002

              Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Human Dimensions<br>

              of Global Change</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/human.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      </font>

      <p><font face="Arial"><i><a href="../Library/nationalassessment/Agriculture.pdf">Agriculture:

      The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the

      United States</a>.</i>&nbsp; [PDF]&nbsp; The report (dated 2001) of the

      Agriculture Sector Assessment Team of the US National Assessment.&nbsp;

      See <a href="http://us.cambridge.org/titles/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521016282">background

      information</a> from Cambridge University Press. (links posted 24 July

      2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=147282">Weather

      and History</a>.&nbsp; Segment from National Public Radio's <i>Talk of the

      Nation</i> (25 July 2002).&nbsp; &quot;El Nino is making a return

      engagement, what should we expect? And how has this weather system shaped

      our past?&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.oar.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/spot_barbados.html">Using

      Climate and Environmental Information for Public Health Planning and

      Preparedness: The Climate Variability and Health Program</a>.&nbsp;

      Article (dtd 1 July 2002) from NOAA.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-06/nsfc-mcm062602.php">Mixed

      croplands may make some areas cooler, wetter in summer</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (dtd 26 June 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/wesat/20020622.wesat.15.ram">How

      the Ancients Kept Cool</a>.&nbsp; Segment (22 June 2002) from National

      Public Radio's <i>Weekend Edition</i>.&nbsp; &quot;Friday was the first

      official day of summer and it's high time to devise ways of beating the

      heat. Scott Simon turns to Elaine Fantham, Classics commentator, for

      information about ancient methods of keeping cool in hot climes. (5:00)

      &quot; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.esig.ucar.edu/heat/index.html">Heat

      Wave Awareness Project</a>.&nbsp; Site maintained by the <a href="http://www.esig.ucar.edu/index.html">Environmental

      and Societal Impacts Group</a> at the <a href="http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ncar/">National

      Center for Atmospheric Research</a>.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2002/june02/noaa02080.html">NOAA

      Unveils New Method To Warn of Heat Waves, Save Lives</a>.&nbsp; Press

      release (21 June 2002) from NOAA.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/atc/20020620.atc.06.ram">Study

      Links Global Warming, Disease Outbreaks</a>&nbsp; Segment (20 June 2002)

      from National Public Radio's <i>All Things Considered.</i>&nbsp; &quot;A

      warming climate -- one in which disease-bearing insects flourish -- may be

      increasing the spread of plant and animal diseases, says a new study in <i>Science

      Magazine</i>. NPR's Christopher Joyce reports on how global warming may be

      making the world a better place -- for parasites. (4:30)&quot;&nbsp; (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <p><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant/NewsMedia/02ASJ/06.14.02seaice.html">Disappearing

      Act</a>.&nbsp; Program (dtd 14 June 2002) from <i>Arctic Science Journeys</i>.&nbsp;

      <i>&quot;</i>Recently, the Bush Administration conceded that global

      warming is real, that the earth's climate is getting warmer. The

      administration also said a warmer climate will have a very real impact on

      the lives of nearly all of us. In few places will these impacts be felt

      more quickly than in the high Arctic, where scientists say the polar ice

      cap is fast disappearing. But as Doug Schneider reports in this week's

      Arctic Science Journeys Radio, an open Arctic Ocean may mean new routes

      for the world's shipping trade.<i>&quot;&nbsp; </i>Arctic Science Journeys

      is a radio service highlighting science, culture, and the environment of

      the circumpolar north. Produced by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program

      and the University of Alaska Fairbanks.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

      <font face="Arial">

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td><b><a href="humanarchives.htm">Previous Postings to the Section

              on&nbsp;<br>

              Human Dimensions of Global Change</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

  </tr>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><br clear="all">

</p>

<hr>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="535" align="left">

  <tr>

    <td width="5"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></td>

    <td width="132" valign="TOP">

      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

    <td valign="TOP" width="372"><font face="Arial">

      <div align="left">

        <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="361" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">

          <tr>

            <td width="253">

              <h3><font size="3"><a name="paleo-july2002"></a>July 2002 Internet

              Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Paleoenvironment &amp; Paleoclimate</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td width="76">

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/paleo.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoca-sii072402.php">Strength

      increase in Asian southwest monsoon may be result of warming</a>.&nbsp;

      &quot;A new study indicates the Asian southwest monsoon, which affects the

      livelihood of millions of people, appears to have increased in intensity

      during the last four centuries, perhaps as a result of warming in the

      Northern Hemisphere.&quot;&nbsp; Press release (dtd 26 July 2002) from

      University of Colorado.&nbsp; See also abstract,<a href="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/anderson2002/anderson2002.html">

      Increase in the Asian Monsoon During the Last Four Centuries</a>

      (published in <i>Science,</i><b> </b>Volume 297, Number 5581, 26 July

      2002).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a target="_parent" href="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/lloyd2002/lloyd2002.html">Spatial

      and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline

      trees in Alaska</a>.&nbsp; Abstract of article by Lloyd and Fastie,

      published in <i>Climatic Change (</i>Volume 58, 481-509, 2002). (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a target="_parent" href="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/lamy2002/lamy2002.html">High-

      and low-latitude climate control on the position of the southern

      Peru-Chile Current during the Holocene.</a>&nbsp; Abstract by Lamy et al.,

      published in <i>Paleoceanography (</i>v.17-3).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

      2002)</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="paleoarchives.htm">Previous Postings

              to the Section on Paleoenvironment &amp; Paleoclimate</a></b></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        </center>

      </div>

      </font></td>

    <td></td>

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      <p align="center"><a href="#TopOfPage"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/jump_arrow.gif" alt="Jump to top of page" width="17" height="9"></font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center"><a href="../links/latestconditions.htm"><font face="Arial">Up-to-Date

      Weather, Climate &amp; Wildfire Summaries</font></a></p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

      <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><img border="0" src="../images/studentb.jpg" hspace="3" alt="Student Reading Book" width="100" height="102"><br>

      For lots of other links especially useful to students and teachers, see

      our general page on <a href="../education/default.htm">Educational

      Resources</a></font></p>

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              <h3><b><a name="variabilityandchange-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">

              July 2002 Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              Climate Variability &amp; Change</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/understanding.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

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        <tr>

          <td>

            <p align="center">

              <font face="Arial"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

              Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...<br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10262"><img border="0" src="../images/ITCZ_QUI_2001_tn.gif" alt="Tropical convergence zone in the Eastern Pacific, seen from NASA's QuikSCAT satellite." width="164" height="120"></a></b><br>

              <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10262">Twin

              Convergence Zone</a><br>

              (image posted by NASA</font></font> <font face="Arial">July 2002)

              <p align="left">See also:<font size="2"> </font><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/200207099815.html">Satellite

              Sees Double Zones of Converging Tropical Winds Around the World</a>.&nbsp;

              Press release (dtd 9 July 2002) from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp;</p>

              <p align="center">(<font size="2" face="Arial">link posted 28 July

              2002)</font></font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      </div>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <p><b>The U.S. National Climate Change Assessment: Do the Climate Models

      Project a Useful Picture of Regional Climate? </b>Hearing before the US

      House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce,<b> </b>Subcommittee

      on Oversight and Investigations, 25 July 2002. <a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/ram/07252002oi.ram">Connect

      to audio recording of the hearing</a>.&nbsp; Witnesses:&nbsp; (link posted

      29 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/Janetos1141.htm">Anthony

          C. Janetos</a>, Senior Fellow, The H. John Heinz III Center for

          Science, Economics, and the Environment</li>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/Karl1142.htm">Thomas

          R. Karl</a>, Director, National Climatic Data Center</li>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/Lashof1143.htm">Daniel

          Lashof</a>,&nbsp; Deputy Director, Climate Center. Natural Resources

          Defense Council</li>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/Pielke,Sr.1144.htm">Roger

          A. Pielke, Sr.</a>, President-Elect of the American Association of

          State Climatologists, Colorado State Climatologist, and Professor,

          Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University</li>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/OBrien1145.htm">James

          J. O'Brien</a>, Director, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction

          Studies (COAPS), Florida State University</li>

        <li><a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/107/hearings/07252002Hearing676/Michaels1146.htm">Patrick

          J. Michaels</a>, Professor and Virginia State Climatologist,

          Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia</li>

      </ul>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-ccs072402.php">Conference

      considers satellite's contributions to understanding global energy, water

      cycle</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 24 July 2002), from NASA/Goddard Space

      Flight Center.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)&nbsp;</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-nsg071102.php">NASA

      selects GSFC-led mission to study the role of salinity in ocean

      circulation and climate</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 11 July 2002) from

      NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/dnnl-nrs071902.php">New

      research site established in Australia to help predict climate change</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 19 July 2002) from US Department of Energy, Pacific

      Northwest National Laboratory.&nbsp; See also: <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/global/climate/02072001.htm">U.S.,

      Australia Establish Climate Research Site</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 19

      July 2002) from the US Department of State.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

      2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/dlnl-lsc070902.php">Livermore

      Scientists create highest resolution global climate simulations to date</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 9 July 2002) from the US Department of Energy, Lawrence

      Livermore National Lab.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.ucar.edu/communications/newsreleases/2002/ccsm.html">New

      Computer Model Promises Detailed Picture of Worldwide Climate</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 1 July 2002) from the National Center for Atmospheric

      Research.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.csiro.au/index.asp?type=mediaRelease&amp;id=PrClimateA&amp;style=mediaRelease">Climate

      in a computer</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 27 June 2002) from

      Commonwealth Scientific &amp; Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO).&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)&nbsp;</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-06/drnl-nno062602.php">New

      NCAR [National Center for Atmospheric Research], ORNL [Oak Ridge National

      Laboratory] climate simulation doubles detail of previous models</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 26 June 2002) from the Department of Energy, ORNL.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.ucar.edu/communications/newsreleases/2002/storms.html">Summer

      Thunderstorms May Become More Predictable</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 25

      June 2002) from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p align="left"><a href="http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-abstract&amp;issn=1520-0477&amp;volume=083&amp;issue=06&amp;page=0873">Why

      We Should Monitor the Climate</a><b>.</b> Abstract of&nbsp; Article by

      Richard&nbsp;Goody et al., published in the<i> </i><font color="#000066"><i>Bulletin

      of the American Meteorological Society</i></font><i><b> </b></i>(Vol. 83,

      No. 6, June 2002, pp 873 -- 878) <a href="http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-pdf&amp;file=i1520-0477-083-06-0873.pdf">PDF

      version of full article</a> (6 pages) also available.&nbsp; (link posted

      29 July 2002)</p>

      <p align="left"><b>Recent Atmospheric Conditions &amp; Impacts:</b></p>

      <ul>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="../links/latestconditions.htm">Up-to-Date

          Weather, Climate &amp; Wildfire Summaries</a></li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2002/july/extremes0702.html">Climate-Watch,

          July 2002</a>.&nbsp; Document (updated 26 July 2002) from the National

          Climatic Data Center (NCDC).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a 1 href="http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2002/jun/jun02.html">Climate

          of 2002 - June</a>.&nbsp; Document (updated 15 July 2002) from the

          National Climatic Data Center (CDC).&nbsp; Among the findings:&nbsp;

          (link posted 29 July 2002)

          <ul>

            <li>Global average combined land and sea surface temperature was the

              second warmest on record for June</li>

            <li>January-June 2002 global temperature was the second warmest such

              6-month period on record</li>

          </ul>

        </li>

        <li>

          <p align="left"><a href="http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-abstract&amp;issn=1520-0477&amp;volume=083&amp;issue=06&amp;page=0938">Climate

          Assessment for 2001</a><b>.&nbsp; </b>Abstract of article by A. M.&nbsp;Waple

          et al, published in the <font color="#000066"><i>Bulletin of the

          American Meteorological Society</i></font><i><b> </b></i>(Vol. 83, No.

          6, June 2002, p 938).&nbsp; <a href="http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-pdf&amp;file=i1520-0477-083-06-0938.pdf">PDF

          version of full article</a> (62 pages; 10.9 Megabytes) also is

          available online.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</li>

      </ul>

      <table border="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%" id="AutoNumber3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

        <tr>

          <td width="100%">

            <h4 align="center"><font face="Arial">Drought</font></h4>

            <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2002/july02/noaa02091.html">More

            than a Third of the Contiguous States in Drought</a>.&nbsp; Press

            release (dtd 17 July 2002) from NOAA.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

            2002)</font></p>

            <p align="left"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/westernrecordheatfiresupport.html">Summer

            Brings Record Dryness, Fire Weather Support In West</a>.&nbsp; Press

            release (dtd 15 July 2002) from the US National Weather Service.&nbsp;

            (link posted 29 July 2002)</font></p>

          </td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p><img border="0" src="../images/hurri3.gif" align="right" alt="Satellite view of hurricane" width="102" height="96"><a href="../links/hurricanes.htm">Hurricanes</a>.&nbsp;

      Links to background information on the connection between climate change

      and hurricanes.&nbsp; Other useful links related to hurricanes also

      provided. [link posted 19 June 2002]<br clear="all">

      </p>

      <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFF66">

        <tr>

          <td>

            <h4 align="center"><font face="Arial">El Nino</font></h4>

            <font face="Arial">

            <div align="right">

              <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

                <tr>

                  <td>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

                    Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

                    <p align="center"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9760"><img border="0" src="../images/quikscat_nino_200206_tn.gif" alt="Arrows displaying wind speed and direction over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, as derived from  data generated by Quick Scatterometer (QuikScat) satellite data. " width="164" height="120"></a><br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9760">El

                    Ni&ntilde;o Threatens, but Fizzles (for Now)</a><font size="-2"><br>

                    </font>(image, undated, posted by NASA<br>

                    circaJuly2002)<font size="2" face="Arial"><br>

                    (link posted 28 July 2002)</font></td>

                </tr>

              </table>

            </div>

            <p><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=147282">Weather

            and History</a>.&nbsp; Segment from National Public Radio's <i>Talk

            of the Nation</i> (25 July 2002).&nbsp; &quot;El Nino is making a

            return engagement, what should we expect? And how has this weather

            system shaped our past?&quot;&nbsp; Guests:&nbsp;&nbsp; (link posted

            29 July 2002)</p>

            <ul>

              <li>Madeleine Nash, Science Reporter, <i>Time</i> magazine.&nbsp;

                Author of&nbsp; <i><a href="http://www.twbookmark.com/books/16/0446524816/index.html">El

                Nino: Unlocking the Secrets of the Master Weather-Maker</a></i></li>

              <li>Michael Glantz,<b> </b>Senior Scientist, Environmental and

                Societal Impacts Group (ESIG), National Center for Atmospheric

                Research (NCAR). Author, <i><a href="http://www.esig.ucar.edu/currents.html">Currents

                of Change: El Nino's Impact on Climate and Society</a></i><a href="http://www.esig.ucar.edu/currents.html">.</a></li>

            </ul>

            <div align="right">

              <table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="164" align="right">

                <tr>

                  <td>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b>From NASA's<br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images_index.php3"><i>Earth

                    Observatory</i> Newsroom</a>...</b></font>

                    <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><b><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9323"><img border="0" src="../images/topex_20020614_tn.gif" alt="Sea-surface height anomaly, as measured by the the U.S.-French ocean-observing satellite Topex/Poseidon" width="164" height="120"></a></b><br>

                    <a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=9323">Still

                    Waiting for El Ni&ntilde;o</a><br>

                    (image posted by NASA June 2002)</font></p>

                    <p align="left">See also:<font face="Arial"> <a 1 href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_136.html">As

                    Summer Starts, Next El Nino Is Slow to Grow</a>.&nbsp; Press

                    release (dtd 27 June 2002) from NASA's Jet Propulsion

                    Laboratory (JPL).</font></p>

                    <p align="center"><font size="2" face="Arial">(link posted

                    28 July 2002)</font></td>

                </tr>

              </table>

            </div>

            <p><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/global_links/">El

            Ni&ntilde;o's Powerful Reach: Explore the Interrelation of Earth's

            Components</a>.&nbsp; Description of new exhibit at the Smithsonian

            Institution's National Museum of Natural History&nbsp; in

            Washington, DC.&nbsp; See also <a href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/publicaffairs/releases/global%20links.pdf">Smithsonian

            to Open &quot;El Nino&quot; Exhibition</a> [PDF], press release (dtd

            11 July 2002) from the Smithsonian.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

            <p><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2002/july02/noaa02089.html">El

            Ni&ntilde;o Makes its Official Return, NOAA Says</a>.&nbsp; Press release

            (dtd 11 July 2002) from NOAA.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

            </font>

            <p><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/index.html">Most

            recent <i>El Ni&ntilde;o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diagnostic Advisory.</i></a>

            Issued monthly by the US Climate Prediction Center/National Centers

            for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).&nbsp; The most recent report (8

            August 2002) indicates that a &quot;weak-to-moderate&quot; El Ni&ntilde;o

            presently exists and that evidence indicates that &quot;El Ni&ntilde;o

            conditions are likely to continue through the end of 2002 and into

            early 2003.&quot; All forecasts indicated the current El Ni&ntilde;o

            &quot;will be much weaker than the 1997-98 El Ni&ntilde;o&quot; that will

            bring continued &quot;drier-than-average conditions ... over

            Indonesia and eastern Australia during the next several months, and

            wetter-than-average conditions over southeastern South America

            during the next three months.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; (link updated 12

            August 2002)</font></p><font face="Arial">

            <p><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.wmo.ch/web/Press/Press674.html">El

            Nino Update - Significant Progression Towards Formation of

            Basin-Wide El Nino in Equatorial Pacific</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

            25 June 2002) from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).&nbsp;

            See also: <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/climate/climate.jsp?id=ns99992465">Classic

            conditions for El Ni&ntilde;o in tropical Pacific</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd

            26 June 2002) from <i>New Scientist</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July

            2002)</p>

            </font>

            <p><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/redball.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="20" height="22"><a href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/nino-home.html">El

            Ni&ntilde;o Theme Page</a>.&nbsp; Site maintained by NOAA's Pacific Marine

            Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Project.</font></td>

        </tr>

      </table>

      <p>&nbsp;</p>

      <div align="center">

        <center>

        <table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">

          <tr>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><b><a href="understandingarchives.htm">Previous

              Postings to the Section on</a></b><a href="understandingarchives.htm">&nbsp;<b><br>

              Climate Variability &amp; Change</b></a></td>

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            <p align="center"><font face="Arial"><a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html"><img border="0" src="../images/drglobalchange.gif" alt="Ask Doctor Global Change" width="100" height="79"></a><br>

            <font size="2"><b>Got a question? </b>Visit <a href="http://www.gcrio.org/ask-doctor.html">Doctor

            Global Change</a>, resident expert at the site of the Global Change

            Research Information Office (GCRIO).</font></font></td>

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      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

    </td>

    <td width="25"><font face="Arial"><img src="../images/pixel.gif" alt width="25" height="8"></font></td>

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            <td>

              <h3><b><a name="water-july2002"></a></b><font size="3">July 2002

              Internet Postings Related to...</font><b><br>

              The Global Water Cycle</b></h3>

            </td>

            <td>

              <p align="center"><a href="../ProgramElements/water.htm"><font size="2" face="Arial">More

              on this<br>

              &nbsp;Focus Area</font></a></td>

          </tr>

        </table>

      </div>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoca-sii072402.php">Strength

      increase in Asian southwest monsoon may be result of warming</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 26 Jul 2002) from University of Colorado.&nbsp;</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/tau-agm072502.php">Antarctic

      glacier may yield clues to global climate change</a>.&nbsp; Press release

      (dtd 25 July 2002) form Texas A &amp; M University</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-ccs072402.php">Conference

      considers satellite's contributions to understanding global energy, water

      cycle</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 24 July 2002), from NASA/Goddard Space

      Flight Center.&nbsp; link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a 1 href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/ps-viw072402.php">Variability

      in West Antarctic ice streams normal</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 24 July

      2002) from Penn State.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoaf-stp071502.php"><i>Science</i>

      to publish UAF [University of Alaska, Fairbanks] glaciologist findings</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 18 July 2002) from University of Alaska, Fairbanks. See

      also:&nbsp; (links posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nsu/020715/020715-12.html">Alaskan

          glaciers raise sea level</a>.&nbsp; Science Update (dtd 19 July 2002)

          from <i>Nature</i>.</li>

        <li><a 1 href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0003B915-3977-1D37-90FB809EC5880000&amp;catID=1">Alaskan

          Glaciers Melting Faster Than Previously Thought</a>.&nbsp; Article (dtd

          19 July 2002) from<i> Scientific American</i>.</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant/NewsMedia/02ASJ/07.19.02melting-glaciers.html">Alaska's

          Melting Glaciers</a>.&nbsp; Program (dtd 19 July 2002) from <i>Arctic

          Science Journeys</i>.&nbsp; <i>&quot;</i>Evidence of a warmer climate

          seems to be everywhere these days. Warmer temperatures, changing

          vegetation, and melting permafrost are some of the signs of a changing

          climate. Now scientists say Alaska's glaciers are melting at an

          alarming rate.<i>&quot; </i>&nbsp;Arctic Science Journeys is a radio

          service highlighting science, culture, and the environment of the

          circumpolar north. Produced by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program

          and the University of Alaska Fairbanks.</li>

      </ul>

      <p><a href="http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020722trmm.html">International

      Conference Highlights a Deluge of Tropical Rainfall Satellite Results</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 18 July 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/uoaf-sts071702.php">Scientist

      to study changes in highest clouds via satellite</a>.&nbsp; Press release

      (dtd 17 July 2002) from University of Alaska, Fairbanks.&nbsp; (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-soc071602.php">Study

      of cloud ice crystals may improve climate change forecasts</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (16 July 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/200207169850.html">Looking

      at Clouds From All Sides Now</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 16 July 2002)

      from NASA's <i>Earth Observatory</i>.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_145.html">Scientists

      Look to Clouds for Better Climate Forecasts</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd

      16 Jul 2002) from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).&nbsp; (link

      posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020709crystalface.html">Study

      of Cloud Ice Crystals May Improve Climate Change Forecasts</a>.&nbsp;

      Press release (dtd 16 July 2002) from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a 1 href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10270">Sometimes

      dry soils yield more clouds</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 12 July 2002)

      from Wageningen University and Research Centre (The Netherlands).&nbsp;

      (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readRelease&amp;Releaseid=10229">New

      Glacier Outburst Flood in Iceland</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 9 July

      2002) from Keele University (UK).&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

      <p><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-06/nsfc-ams062402.php">Aqua

      mission status</a>.&nbsp; Press release (dtd 24 June 2002) from

      NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.&nbsp; (link posted 29 July 2002)</p>

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