10th October 1987
AbstractFirst we examine existing literature on the subject of Tarana and on related topics. Against the backdrop of this literature I then elaborate my own thoughts on the subject. Seven of my own compositions are given and discussed as examples. I have presented all seven in concerts.
Just as colours and shapes are the elements from which an artist creates a painting, so notes with the rhythm implicit in them are the elements with which a musician works. It is through these elements that we can look for the "meaning" of a Tarana.
How did Taranas come into being? Their past is shrouded in mystery. We note the various prevailing opinions about its origin, as potential pointers to the art of presenting Taranas.
It is but natural that different singers have different approaches to the presentation of Taranas. When determining the scope of Tarana singing we must take cognizance of the various currents of opinion.
Influences and commonalities can be found between Taranas and other forms of vocal music, such as Dhrupad (the letters used, rhythmic patterns), Khyal (composition structure and broad style of presentation) and Tappa (quick tempo, taan patterns. Connections can also be traced to instrumental (esp. sitar) music. Dance uses Tarana as accompaniment and lends it its sense of rhythmic balance.
What is the importance of 'Bandish' in Khyal singing (of which I consider Tarana as a special case)? It is shown that the musical form, and not the words, of a Khyal is the essential part. A Tarana Bandish is just a special case where the words are meaningless. Indeed, that is an advantage as it gives the singer greater freedom of expression where meaningful words constrain him. Imagine singing "chalo hato javo" with loving delicacy, or "man-mohan mohe bhayo" with aggressive vigour! But both attitudes are acceptable with "tana derena deem".
The subject of the discussion is a vast one. As long as people continue to sing Taranas, thought on the subject must also continue to evolve as each artist has something new to say. This thesis is merely an effort to clarify my personal position.
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